The Relationship Between Geography, Climate And Economic...

1. Introduction The purpose of the study is to establish and evaluate the relationship between geography, climate and economic performance through individual income levels. This has been very vast area of consideration in the academic community. Therefore, on the basis of extensive literature survey and previous research analytics on similar disciplines, the scope of the present research would be conducting a two-stage econometric estimation, mainly regression to compute the relationship at the municipal level income data per person across a computed set of geographical variables. Geography and environment has a closer impact on socio-economic development of a region. Historical data has revealed that geography has some effect on shaping the economic history. However, the amount of variance is an important consideration. Tropics are varied by broad climatic zones and economies as well (Torres Mendez, 2000; 2002, Inter-American Development Bank, 2000). As a result, the research would identify the key geographical and climatic factors from the national database and analyze its relationship with income per person longitudinal data for a time period of 1950 to 2014. This paper will analyze this variance to test and interpret the condition of multicollinearity using a regression analysis, as some geographical factors might be highly correlated impacting the ultimate results. 1.1 Research Questions In the overview of understanding the dependency of climatic, geographical andShow MoreRelatedInstitutions as a Fundamental Cause of Long-Run14323 Words   |  58 PagesINSTITUTIONS AS A FUNDAMENTAL CAUSE OF LONG-RUN GROWTH DARON ACEMOGLU 1 , Department of Economics, MIT, 50 Memorial Drive E52-3806, Cambridge, MA 02142 e-mail: damn@mit.edu SIMON JOHNSON Sloan School o f h f a ~ g e m e n t , MIT, 50 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, MA 02142 e-mail: sjohnson@mit.edu JAMES A. ROBINSON Deparhnent of Government, WCFIA, Harvard University, 1033 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138 e-mail: jmbinson@gov.harvard.edu Contents Abstract Keywords 1. Introduction Read MoreInstitution as the Fundamental Cause of Long Tern Growth39832 Words   |  160 Pageshttp://www.nber.org/papers/w10481 NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138 May 2004 Prepared for the Handbook of Economic Growth edited by Philippe Aghion and Steve Durlauf. We thank the editors for their patience and Leopoldo Fergusson, Pablo Querubà ­n and Barry Weingast for their helpful suggestions. The views expressed herein are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the National Bureau of Economic Research.  ©2004 by Daron Acemoglu, Simon JohnsonRead MoreHilton Hotel Essay7257 Words   |  30 PagesAnalysis .............................................................................................................. 9 Political Factor .............................................................................................................. 9 Economic Factors....................................................................................................... 11 Social and Cultural Factors ....................................................................................... 12 Technology FactorRead MoreThe Main Problems of Economic Devel opment of Kazakhstans Regions11951 Words   |  48 PagesThe economic framework of local governance The economic foundations of the local government of the Republic of Kazakhstan are: - Municipal property; - Local finance; - Property in state ownership and transferred to the management of local governments. The material and financial resources, which are the economic foundation of local government, determine in fact the efficiency of local government. The economic foundation for local governance is a set of legal norms that regulate social relationsRead MoreImpact of Sociology and Psychology Factors on Leisure/Tourism Activity2296 Words   |  10 Pages(2007, p. 409) argued that tourism is prominent in Australia’s economic restructuring, particularly in regional and coastal areas. There are many aspects such as history, attitudes and culture to contemplate when defining the meaning of leisure, though it is essential the participation of recreational activities free from any other obligations or responsibilities (Lynch Veal 2006, p. 25). The issues statement provided for discussion through this essay is: â€Å"Australian governments, industry bodies andRead MoreThe Scope and Challenge of International Marketing6030 Words   |  25 PagesDifficulty: Easy Type: Knowledge 11. (p. 9, Exhibit 1.2) The leading U.S. multinational with foreign revenues of $345 billion plus annually is Wal-Mart. TRUE Difficulty: Hard Type: Knowledge 12. (p. 9) International marketing is the performance of business activities designed to plan, price, promote, and direct the flow of a company s goods and services to consumers or users in more than one nation for a profit. TRUE Difficulty: Moderate Type: Knowledge 13. (p. 9-10) A goodRead MoreMarketing Peter Pan Peanut Butter to Canadian Markets2938 Words   |  12 Pages Metro, and Safeway, is to analyze the customer value equation. â€Å"Traditionally we think that consumers choose based on the quality of the product, while really the driver of all choice is the non-cognitive relationship that the consumer has with the brand, which is entirely channeled through the brand identity.† (Wegrzyn, 2011). The matter of finding a role of the brand within a consumer’s life comes after the brand identity has accurately addressed how the brand wants to be perceived. The questionRead MoreThe Extent at Which Peer Group Affect Students Academic Performance5181 Words   |  21 Pageswhich Peer Groups Affect Academic Performance Have you ever wondered about the extent to which peer groups affect academic performance? Make no mistake; a peer group can impact your childs academic performance significantly. However, to say that ones peer group is the most influential factor in academic performance isnt true either. Lets take a look at just how influential ones peer group is. [pic] The Extent to Which Peer Groups Affect Academic Performance To answer the question, to what extentRead MoreAustralian Wine Industry4525 Words   |  19 PagesTable of Content2 Introduction2 1.0 Environmental analysis2 1.1 Macro - environment factors2 1.1.1 Demography2 1.1.2 Economic conditions2 1.1.3 Social and cultural trends2 1.1.4 Political and legal forces2 1.1.5 Technology2 1.2 Key driving forces affecting the industry2 1.2.1 Natural advantages2 1.2.2 Human advantages2 1.2.3 Technology advantage2 2.0 Micro-economics environmental analysis2 2.1 Porter s Five Forces Analysis2 2.1.1 The intensity of rivalry among competing firms - high2 Read MoreEvaluating The Use Of The Jewish Faith To Cope Within An6012 Words   |  25 PagesIndianapolis Jewish community Introduction â€Å"Nursing is the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, facilitation of healing, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, groups, communities, and populations†. (American Nurses Association website, n.d.) At its core, nursing is a profession that is in the business of providing care to people. These people are

Sleep On It ! By Robert Stickgold - 749 Words

Alantis Seckal CHM1010 Doctor Pearsall February,8, 2017 Summary of SLEEP ON IT! SLEEP ON IT! is written by Robert Stickgold, director of the Center for Sleep, who explains the research done on the importance of sleep. The article begins by asking whether we really need to sleep? Stickgold explains how everyone needs to sleep because it is driven physiologically to be done. Allan Rechtschaffen, the world`s greatest sleep researchers of the 70’s, says that sleep is the most vital function of life. Where as J. Allan Hobson, also a great sleep researcher in the 90’s, says that the only way to cure sleepiness is to sleep. Sleep serves a benefit in a number of biological processes. Some examples of the biological processes are helping the immune†¦show more content†¦There was a study on how sleep deprivation effects the immune system. In the studies shown, people who were well rested had a high percentage of antibodies than that of a person who loses sleep. Also, fifty-six percent of the people who slept well had an increase in their antibody le vel for every additional hour of sleep. So, when one does sleep like they should they are risking their immune system from working correctly and fighting off diseases. In the central nervous system lost of sleep causes the brain functions such as memory, emotion, regulation of appetite, and learning to be affected negatively. It makes you very forgetful and ruins your eating cycle. Furthermore, lost of sleep causes the endocrine system to act up too. The body starts to act unresponsive to the hormone Insulin produced in the endocrine system. With the body acting unresponsive to the hormone insulin has the person more at risk for being obese. In the future, the lost of the sleep on society will affect it heavily. There are so many different things affecting sleep as a whole. For example there is social media, video games, television, jobs, and etc. This being said, sleep deprivation will have more sick people in the world. They won’t be able to fight off diseases. This is why new diseases keep forming because everyone’s immune system is shot from the lack of sleep. If vaccines were given it still would not be able to prevent theShow MoreRelatedDreams and Memory Consolidation Essay1297 Words   |  6 Pages Sleep is an extremely interesting phenomenon in which the mind almost completely departs from the usual realm of consciousness. It is distinguished from quiet wakefulness and a decreased ability to react to stimuli where we become less aware of our surroundings. However, it is more easily reversed than being in hibernation or a coma. It is a function that has been extensively researched by many. After al l, we would not have evolved a mechanism that forces us to spend one-third of our lives sleepingRead MoreWhy Do We Sleep?1540 Words   |  7 PagesWhy do we sleep? As we all know, one third of our life is spent to sleep, but very few people intend to lay bare the secret of that. There would be a question: why do we sleep? According to the video The Function of Sleep, Tyson states that people are not very clear about the purpose of sleep, but some researchers believe that sleep could enhance memory. MIT researcher Matthew Wilson also illustrates the thoughts of a rat can be read by implanted the electric wire into its brain. According toRead MoreThe Importance of Sleep Essay1681 Words   |  7 PagesSleep is an extremely interesting phenomenon in which the mind almost completely departs from the usual realm of consciousness. It is distinguished from quiet wakefulness and a decreased ability to react to stimuli where we become less aware of our surroundings. However, it is more easily reversed than being in hibernation or a coma. It is a function that has been extensively researched by many. After all, we would not have evolved a mechanism that forces us to spend one-third of our lives sleepingRead MoreA Study On The Cognitive And Physiological Aspects Of The Hippocampus921 Words   |  4 Pagesknowledge are vital for survival, as both sleep and recollection of events: the study of how both are combined is of distinct interest. Tests demonstrate that the hippocampus is the main cortical region active during memory tasks, as well as during states of unconsciousness. It is suggested that memories are somehow integrated and reverberated during the sleep state. Findings like these lead to a greater interest in studying the hippocampus, specifically during sleep. Many tests have been administeredRead MoreEssay on The Benefits of Naps1275 Words   |  6 Pagesthe full benefits of the nap, there are certain â€Å"rules† that need to be followed. Following these guidelines will ensure maximum effectiveness. One condition is that naps should be taken in the early afternoon. Naps can interfere with the nighttime sleep if taken after 4 p.m. (Jacobs). They should also be short in length. Research suggests taking a fifteen to thirty five minute â€Å"power nap†. This is the time necessary for the body to rest and enables brain neurons to recuperate (â€Å"Unknown Benefits†)Read MoreThe Importance of Sleep for College Students1617 Words   |  7 PagesSleep is a necessity of life, it is not an option, the human body needs it, but not many people know the importance of sleep. Sleep is important for the mind and body to function properly; it is required for survival (Global Sleep). According to the national sleep foundation, about 40 million American suffer from sleep disorders (NSF). Sleep deprivation affect woman more than man. Also, woman who work night shift are more likely to get less sleep than those who work morning shift; and have moreRead MoreEssay on Rise and Shine: The Debate Over High School Starting Times1640 Words   |  7 PagesSpecifically in high school, one such aspe ct is when the day is scheduled to start. There are have been major strides in the research of sleep, and many of them find that the common first bell for adolescents negatively coincides with their sleep schedule. The traditional time for high schools to start is based off of outdated factors. Scientific evidence on adolescents’ sleep needs and studies conducted on the results after changes were made show that the major benefits to delaying the beginning of schoolRead More The Roles of NREM and REM Sleep On Memory Consolidation Essay example1836 Words   |  8 PagesThe Roles of NREM and REM Sleep On Memory Consolidation All mammals exhibit Rapid-Eye-Movement, or REM, sleep, and yet on certain levels this type of sleep would seem to be disadvantageous. During REM sleep, which is when most dreams occur, the brain uses much more energy than during non-REM (NREM) sleep. (1) This waste of energy coupled with the increased vulnerability of this state on account of the bodys paralysis at this time suggests that there must be a very important reason, orRead MoreTerm Paper - Dreams3514 Words   |  15 PagesDreams 1. Dream Intensity†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..10 2. Interest†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦.10 3. Dream Composition†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.....10 Conclusion: Dreams as a guide†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.11 Bibliography†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..13 To sleep or perchance to dream (Shakespeare, 1599). As you succumb to closing your eyes and dozing off, little do you know of the dream activity that will go on in your brain that night. Although some people argue that they don’t ever dream, there are thoseRead MoreAn Exploration of Sleeps Effects on the Brain2411 Words   |  10 PagesComing from a teenager, sleep is a beautiful thing that when I wake up at noon it allows me to feel fully revived and ready to seize what is left of the day. The great historic, Benjamin Franklin, once said of sleep, â€Å"Early to bed, early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.† Nobody every really needed to prove the healthy part of his saying because most people know that after sleeping the body seems to gain energy. The second part to his statement probably could use a bit of proving because

Thomas Jefferson1 Essay Example For Students

Thomas Jefferson1 Essay America has seen its share of heroes come and go. Thomas Jefferson was one of the few historical Americans who needs no introduction. Even the most abbreviated knowledge of American history, at home or abroad, includes the author of the Declaration of Independence. Thomas Jefferson is best remembered as a great president and as the author of the Declaration of Independence. He also won lasting fame as a diplomat, a political thinker, and a founder of the Democratic Party. Jeffersons interests and talents covered an amazing range. He became one of the leading American architects of his time and designed the Virginia Capitol, the University of Virginia, and his own home, Monticello. He greatly appreciated art and music and tried to encourage their advancement in the United States. He arranged for the famous French sculptor Jean Houdon to come to America to make a statue of George Washington. Jefferson also posed for Houdon and for the famous American portrait painter Gilbert Stuart. Je fferson also enjoyed playing the violin in chamber music concerts. In addition, Jefferson served as president of the American Philosophical Society, an organization that encouraged a wide range of scientific and intellectual research. Jefferson invented a decoding device, a lap desk, and an improved type of moldboard plow. His collection of more than 6,400 books became a major part of the Library of Congress. Jefferson revised Virginias laws and founded its state university. He developed the decimal system of coinage that allows Americans to keep accounts in dollars and cents. He compiled a Manual of Parliamentary Practice and prepared written vocabularies of Indian languages. Jefferson also cultivated one of the finest gardens in America. Jefferson did not consider himself a professional politician. Instead, he regarded himself as a public-spirited citizen and a broad-minded, practical thinker. He preferred his family, his books, and his farms to public life. But he spent most of h is career in public office and made his greatest contribution to his country in the field of politics. The tall, red-haired Virginian believed that those who labor in the earth are the chosen people of God. His ideal society was a nation of landowning farmers living under as little government as possible. The term Jeffersonian democracy refers to such an ideal and was based on Jeffersons faith in self-government. He trusted the majority of people to govern themselves and wanted to keep the government simple and free of waste. Jefferson loved liberty in every form, and he worked for freedom of speech, press, religion, and other civil liberties. Jefferson strongly supported the addition of the Bill of Rights to the Constitution of the United States. Jefferson molded the American spirit and mind. Every later generation has turned to him for inspiration. Through about 40 years of public service, he remained faithful to his vow of eternal hostility against every form of tyranny over the mind of man. Without the contributions Thomas Jefferson made to the United States, still in its youth, America would never have become what it is today – a nation for the people, by the people. Bibliography:

Comparing learning theories

Introduction Learning entails the process of acquiring knowledge, skills and ideas thus gaining a new perspective of the world. The learning process is influenced by factors which emanate from internal and external sources. Some of these include environmental, cognitive and emotional influences.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Comparing learning theories specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Learning theories are aimed at giving an explanation of what take place in the learning process. The theories attempt to explain the processes involved in acquisition of knowledge. It is through learning theories that one acquires knowledge to interpret the various examples of learning processes. As a result, one is able to solve practical problems and issues arising from the learning processes. There are several learning theories which explain the learning process. These include behavioral theories, cognitive theories, holistic t heories and humanistic theories of learning among others. This study seeks to compare behavioral and cognitive theories of leaning. Behavioral Theories of Learning According to Huitt and Hummel (1999, p. 5), behavioral approach to learning focuses on how the environment influences observable behaviors. These theories assert that for every response which is overt, there is a stimulus which causes it. Classical conditioning Pavlov used a dog to conduct a study on classical conditioning. Findings of the study revealed that every response is elicited by a stimulus. In order to gain a better understanding on classical conditioning, both unconditioned and neutral stimulus were used. Repeatedly, the neutral stimulus changes to a conditioned stimulus which in turn elicits a conditioned response. With time, this conditioned response becomes a habitual association achieved through pairing of neutral stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus which to leads to a person or animal giving a similar response to both stimulus. Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Ivan Pavlov’s dog salivates each time the bell rings. This is due to the fact that the dog associated ringing of the bell with food. Operant Conditioning This behavioral learning theory was advanced by B.F. Skinner. It postulates that learning is the change of function in observable behavior as a result the responses to the stimulus within the environment. Skinner stresses on the need of reinforcement which strengthens the desired response. As a result, the antecedents of the newly learned behaviour are influenced by the consequences of previous behavior (Huitt, Hummel, 1999, p. 3). The diagram shows the change in behavior as a result of operant conditioning. Connectionism This is another theory of behavioral learning by E. Thorndike in which learning just like in operant conditioning relies on the need for reinforc ement. Three basic laws are considered. These include the law of effect, law of readiness and the law of exercise. With regard to law of effect, an individual’s response is turned into a habit if a reward is attached in order to strengthen the response. Law of readiness relates to when to events occurs in a sequence. On the other hand, law of exercise entails where connections are strengthened through practice and become unstable upon ceasing from practice. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Comparing learning theories specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The diagram shows Thorndike’s process in which repeated simple actions as a result of the accruing effect of reinforcement yields complex behaviors (Donahoe, 1999, p.452). Application of Behavioral Theories of learning to the classroom situation Ivan Pavlov’s classical conditioning theory is helpful in the classroom situation when it comes to emo tional state of learners. Students tend to establish an emotional attachment to the teacher, for example, when a teacher is pleasant, learners will relate well with him or her and consequently associate the pleasantness to the subject he or she teaches. This kind of association is as a result of classical conditioning. B. F. Skinner’s operant conditioning is a practical insight to classroom management issues. Considering the fact that the theory stresses on the need for reinforcement, teachers can implement this by pairing good performance with secondary reinforcements like verbal praises as well as awards in order to encourage good performance and behavior. This theory also calls for use of questions as stimulus and answer as response. Through asking questions, the teacher is able to get possible answers from the students’ thus encouraging participation in classroom. In Thorndike’s theory, trial and error is the basic concept regarding the law of exercise where connections are established because of repeated pairing of the stimulus and the response. The practice of the law of effect and exercise are essential for an effective learning process. Learning should be sequential in the sense that the items to be learned should be presented according to their level of difficulty. Of equal importance is the fact that learning is influenced by previous situations. This is to say that previous performance of a learner determines future performance. Therefore, a teacher should make use of this to improve learning outcomes. Differences between Behavioral and Social theories of learning In behavioral theories of learning, we have seen that for learning to take place effectively, the learner should be actively involved in the learning process. Application of Pavlov’s theory to classroom situation requires the learner to constantly associate the stimulus and the response so that in the end the leaner develops a link between the two.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This is not the case in social theories of leaning which state that behavior learning occurs out of observation then imitation. This acknowledges the leaner as being passive to learning process since the learner only waits to imitate a desired behavior. In addition, learning according to behavioral theories presumes that a learner should repeatedly engage in the desired activity until it becomes habitual to them thus learning. On the contrary, the social theory of learning presumes that the ability to fully learn and acquire behavior depends on the ability of the learner to retain what is observed in the mind, imitate the behavior and then adopt it. For this reason, learning becomes limited since if the learner is unable to remember what they observed or when the learner is not motivated towards adopting a given behavior then learning will not take place. This is different from behavioral theories of learning where the learner goes through a series of learning experiences which resu lt into acquisition of knowledge or skills. Of equal importance is the necessity of the stimuli and appropriate responses in the learning process according to behavioral theories of learning. A behavior is learned as a result of being induced by a given stimulus from the environment. The stimuli vary depending with the context and environment for learning. In the case of social theories of learning, the stimulus-response relationship is not explicitly described. Rather, learning only occurs in the event of an observed behavior which is worth imitating. There is also a difference in the way reinforcements are used in both behavioral and social theories of learning. According to the behavioral theory of learning reinforcements are used in the event of good performance such as when a behavior is successfully and appropriately learned, the learner is rewarded. Social theory on the other hand presumes that any slight imitation should be reinforced so as to encourage more attempts that wi ll eventually lead to behavior acquisition. Cognitive theories of learning Before During After Anticipating guide Annolighting Dense questioning Frame of reference Annotating Listening to voice Checking out the frame work Collaboration annotation Conversations across time Conversation across time Dense questioning Inferential reading How cognitive teaching strategies help in the learning processes In an attempt to make the learning process more easier, teaching strategies based on cognitive theories of learning have emerged to help teachers in the process of learning in areas such as vocabulary development, comprehension, concentration and writing skills. Cognitive teaching strategies help learners in many ways. First, when applied appropriately by the teacher these strategies help the learners to have a positive intellectual development. In teaching languages, cognitive teaching strategies help in the development of vocabulary. Learners are able to interchangeably use words ranging from synonyms, antonyms, homophones as well as allophones. In addition, the learner develops proficiency in a language because of appropriate use of vocabulary in sentence constructions and other related areas. In the acquisition of writing skills, when used appropriately by the teacher, cognitive learning strategies play a crucial role towards developing writing skills in learners. Especially the vocabulary writing strategy in which writers are expected to write detailed descriptions of a given topic. In regular use, learners gradually develop the art of writing. Concentration game as a cognitive teaching strategy is effective in developing intellectual development in learners especially those in lower levels of learning. This is due to the fact that the strategy requires learners to participate in finding out vocabulary items and identifying those that are similar. Learning theories are important and inevitable tools in the process of teaching and learning. Teachers need to be well versed with these theories in order to be able to have insights on the process of learning as well as to be able to work out issues related to the process of learning. Learners are well catered for when the teacher in charge of them understands the process of learning and the various strategies required in the various developments of skills and knowledge as the cognitive, behavioral and social development. Reference List Donahoe, W. (1999). The selectionist connection. Journal of the experimental  analysis of behavior. Vol. 72, issue 3, pp. 451-454. Web. Huitt, W. Hummel, J. (1999). Educational Psychology. Retrieved from https://www.google.com/search?hl=ensource=hpq=behavioral+theory+of+learningaq=2aqi=g10aql=oq=Behavioral+theory+ofgs_rfai=cad=h This essay on Comparing learning theories was written and submitted by user Eliseo Waters to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Why Nat Turners Rebellion Scared White Southerners

Why Nat Turner's Rebellion Scared White Southerners Nat Turner’s rebellion in 1831 frightened Southerners because it challenged the idea that slavery was a  benevolent institution. In speeches and writings, slave owners portrayed themselves not so much as ruthless businessmen exploiting a people for their labor but as kind and well-intentioned masters tutoring blacks in civilization and religion. A pervasive white Southern fear of rebellion, however, belied their own arguments that slaves were, in fact, happy. Uprisings like the one Turner staged in Virginia left no doubt that slaves wanted their freedom. Nat Turner, Prophet Turner was born into slavery on Oct. 2, 1800, in Southampton County, Va., on slaveholder Benjamin Turner’s farm. He recounts in his confession (published as The Confessions of Nat Turner) that even when he was young, his family believed he: â€Å"surely would be a prophet, as the Lord had shewn me things that had happened before my birth. And my father and mother strengthened me in this my first impression, saying in my presence, I was intended for some great purpose, which they had always thought from certain marks on my head and breast.† By his own account, Turner was a deeply spiritual man. He spent his youth praying and fasting, and one day, while taking a prayer break from plowing, he heard a voice: â€Å"The spirit spoke to me, saying ‘Seek ye the kingdom of Heaven and all things shall be added unto you.’† Turner was convinced throughout his adulthood that he had some great purpose in life, a conviction that his experience at the plow confirmed. He searched for that mission in life, and starting in 1825, he began receiving visions from God. The first occurred after he had run away and bade him return to slaveryTurner was told that he shouldn’t indulge his earthly wishes for freedom, but rather he was to serve the â€Å"kingdom of Heaven,† from bondage. From then on, Turner experienced visions that he believed meant he was to attack directly the institution of slavery. He had a vision of a spiritual battleof black and white spirits at waras well as a vision in which he was instructed to take up the cause of Christ. As the years passed, Turner waited for a sign that it was time for him to act. The Rebellion A startling eclipse of the sun in February of 1831 was the sign for which Turner had been waiting. It was time to strike against his enemies. He didn’t hurryhe gathered followers and planned. In August of that same year, they struck. At 2 a.m. on Aug. 21, Turner and his men killed the family of Joseph Travis on whose farm he had been a slave for over a year. Turner and his group then moved through the county, going from house to house, killing whites they encountered and recruiting more followers. They took money, supplies, and firearms as they traveled. By the time the white inhabitants of Southampton had become alerted to the rebellion, Turner and his men numbered approximately 50 or 60 and included five free black men. A battle between Turner’s force and white Southern men ensued on Aug. 22, around mid-day near the town of Jerusalem. Turner’s men dispersed in the chaos, but a remnant remained with Turner to continue the fight. The state militia fought Turner and his remaining followers on Aug. 23, but Turner eluded capture until Oct. 30. He and his men had managed to kill 55 white Southerners. The Aftermath of Nat Turner’s Rebellion According to Turner, Travis had not been a cruel master, and that was the paradox that white Southerners had to face in the aftermath of Nat Turner’s Rebellion. They attempted to delude themselves that their slaves were content, but Turner forced them to confront the innate evil of the institution. White Southerners responded brutally to the rebellion. They executed 55 slaves for participating in or supporting the revolt, including Turner, and other angry whites killed over 200 African-Americans in the days after the rebellion. Turners rebellion not only pointed to the lie that slavery was a benevolent institution but also showed how white Southerners own Christian beliefs supported his bid for freedom. Turner described his mission in his confession: â€Å"The Holy Ghost had revealed itself to me, and made plain the miracles it had shown me- For as the blood of Christ had been shed on this earth, and had ascended to heaven for the salvation of sinners, and was now returning to earth again in the form of dew- and as the leaves on the trees bore the impression of the figures I had seen in the heavens, it was plain to me that the Saviour was about to lay down the yoke he had borne for the sins of men, and the great day of judgment was at hand.† Sources â€Å"Africans in America.† PBS.org.  Haskins, Jim et al. â€Å"Nat Turner† in African-American Religious Leaders. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley Sons, 2008.Oates, Stephen. The Fires of Jubilee: Nat Turner’s Fierce Rebellion. New York: HarperCollins, 1990.Turner, Nat. .The Confessions of Nat Turner Baltimore: Lucas Deaver, 1831.

Crime, the Media and the Law Policy Research Paper

Crime, the Media and the Law Policy - Research Paper Example The power of the media and its responsibilities towards ensuring a harmonious state shall be looked into and the effects of such media coverage on the people shall be explored. Apart from this, the commercial aspect of the media and the advertising industry that forms a large part of the media and depends on sensationalism to a great extent for drawing its revenues shall also be a part of the focus of this paper. The only way in which the masses of a particular place would get to know about the crime rates of the area that they live in is through the media. Kenneth Dowler states – â€Å"The mass media play an important role in the construction of criminality and the criminal justice system. The public’s perception of victims, criminals, deviants, and law enforcement officials is largely determined by their portrayal in the mass media† (2003). Statistics regarding the performances of specific sectors of the law enforcement agencies are often let out to the society through the work of the media. Te channel of communication between the rulers and the ruled being the media, it has the onus of redirecting power back to the people from whom it is supposed to originate. The working of a democracy in an ideal manner has thus, a lot to do with the way in which the cycles of power are managed. The interest of the people at the helm of affairs would lie in the way in which the negative aspects of their tenure along with the positive ones are reported. This would result in a balanced analysis that would enable the smooth functioning of democracy in a nation. The media would then be able to fulfil its role as a check on the power of elected representatives in a government. Problems arise, however, when this system is subverted for the sake of profits on the part of increasingly profit-oriented media ventures. The effects of commercialization can be seen the most in the news media which provides people with the maximum amount of knowledge regarding crime s and the mechanisms that seek to control it. Such control is dependent on the taxes that people pay and hence depends on their consent regarding the modes of prevention of crime and the punishments that are meted out to people who violate the law. The opinions of people regarding the methods that seek to tackle crime are always factors that decide the person that occupies the seat of power. Consequently, the process of dealing with crime is something that is important to not just the people who cover it as a part of the media but also for the people who make laws for the prevention of it (Current Problems in the Media, 2012). The credibility of the media too has undergone erosion in the last few decades. With a growth in the corporatisation of the media, the power of its lobbies has grown too. The power of the media in shaping public opinion too is something that provides it with immense clout in deciding the social affairs of the state. This has however, instead of encouraging hon est investigative reporting led people to look for easy successes and fame through sensationalism (ibid). An unhealthy state of affairs in the media reflects badly upon the health of the nation’

The impact of climate change on logistics management Essay

The impact of climate change on logistics management - Essay Example It basically refers to the management of the activities for the collections of raw materials to the production at the factories to the distribution of these goods. The manager must coordinate with all of these pieces in a cordial manner for the effective management of the supply chain (Mentzer, 2001). Logistics Management is widely known concept in the global world. All companies rely on the logistics for the efficient flow of the goods and services. For Example: Industrial manufactures rely heavily on these logistics for the transportation of the mass-produced items. At the same time, the consumer goods manufactures want their goods to be delivered to the outlets and warehouses before the customer calls for it. Therefore, Logistics management has now evolved into one of the most important links in the supply chain process (DHL, 2010). Logistics refers to the part of the supply chain management that plans, implements and processes the flow of the goods and services from the source to the end consumer. It includes both thee forward and reverse flow as well as the storage of the goods. The vital elements of this part include all modes of transportation, inventory control and storage, packing and flow of information. Figure 1 shows the costs and investment in different sectors’ logistics departments. Climatic Change takes place over millions to thousands of years. It is a statistical shift of weather and climate that takes place, changing the environment of the earth. When analyzed over hundreds of years, the climatic conditions have patches of climate having similar qualities and properties. The shift from one climate to another climate takes place slowly and gradually in order to maintain the ecological system. The biggest climatic change that is being anticipated these days and is mostly in the news is global warming. It is a shift towards a hotter climate due to the green house gases